Accounting
Azam Rowshanali; Rezvan Hejazi; Mohammad Hossein Ranjbar; Bizhan Abedini; Hamid Rostamijaaz
Abstract
Therefore, this study, understanding the importance of independence functions in the audit profession, seeks to identify the characteristics of inertia as a stimulus for independence in auditing Petrochemical Industry in order to act on its interpretive ranking. This research is mix method due to the ...
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Therefore, this study, understanding the importance of independence functions in the audit profession, seeks to identify the characteristics of inertia as a stimulus for independence in auditing Petrochemical Industry in order to act on its interpretive ranking. This research is mix method due to the nature of data collection, because first through interviews to identify the characteristics of inertia in the auditing profession and then through the checklists of the pair scale, to determine the interpretive ranking. Accordingly, in the qualitative part, is used the grounded theory and in the quantitative part are used, Delphi analysis and the interpretive ranking process. The statistical population in the qualitative section were 12 auditing professionals who, in terms of theoretical knowledge, had the necessary capabilities to develop the concept studied in this study, which were selected through theoretical sampling based on the snowball technique. The statistical population in a Quantitative part were 19 auditors with work experience in Petrochemical Industry and level of technical and specialized knowledge who was selected through homogeneous sampling. The results of the research in the qualitative part indicate the existence of 3 categories, 8 components and 35 concept codes that have laid the inertial features in the auditing profession in the form of an 8-dimensional integrated model.
Law Studies
Javad kashanei; mohsen matour; faysal ameri
Abstract
the formation of the current legal system is a function and is influenced by a basic element called time. An element that influences not only the formation of the legal system, but also its evolution.so, the legal system in the Iranian oil industry began with a contract and not with the legislation of ...
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the formation of the current legal system is a function and is influenced by a basic element called time. An element that influences not only the formation of the legal system, but also its evolution.so, the legal system in the Iranian oil industry began with a contract and not with the legislation of a law. In relation to the term "contractual framework", it seems necessary to explain that the contractual framework refers to the criteria which give the contracts such a feature that it distinguishes that contract and similar contracts from other contracts concluded in that field. What were these contracts? How did they form the legal system of the Iranian oil industry? What has been their impact on technology transfer in the oil industry? These are some of the questions that will be addressed in this work. Disappointment with the framework of previous agreements (concession agreements), along with socio-political contexts such as the nationalization of the oil industry, led to a re-examination of this industry's contract frameworks in the light of past experiences, better future benefits and national independence and sovereignty. But how successful it was, that is another matter. Because the oil companies did not simply want to transfer the maximum benefits to the countries with oil resources, and used the dependence of those countries to their industry as a tactic against this trend as much as possible. Therefore, the structure of contracts governing the oil industry should be considered as a result of this conflict of interests.
Accounting
Sayed Mohammad Javadi
Abstract
It has always been a challenging question for financial analysts, investors and activists in the capital market that what factors affect stock price of companies. Furthermore, how such factors cause stock price fluctuations over time in the capital markets. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine ...
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It has always been a challenging question for financial analysts, investors and activists in the capital market that what factors affect stock price of companies. Furthermore, how such factors cause stock price fluctuations over time in the capital markets. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the effects of key contingent variables such as changes on equity, credit rating and assets price growth on stock prices volatility of petroleum companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Financial data for the purpose of this study were collected from a sample of 91 companies during a period of eight years from 1392 till 1399 and research hypotheses were tested using the multivariate regression models and ordering panel data with fixed effects tests. Results showed a significant negative relationship between credit rating and stock price volatility. But, there was no significant correlation between changes on equity and stock price volatility. Also, there was not a significant relationship between assets price growth and stock price volatility.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Maryam Ayoubi; Mohammad Naghizadeh; Seyyed Habibolah Tabatabaeian; Jafar Towfighi
Abstract
Technological learning and the drive to self-sufficiency in different industries emphasize the role of companies in the knowledge acquisition from external sources. Iran's petroleum industry is also a suitable case to study in this area, given the large firms on the one hand and the long-term historical ...
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Technological learning and the drive to self-sufficiency in different industries emphasize the role of companies in the knowledge acquisition from external sources. Iran's petroleum industry is also a suitable case to study in this area, given the large firms on the one hand and the long-term historical partnerships with foreign companies on the other. Some of the industry's achievements, such as sustainability under sanctions, the country's largest source of export and some recent breakthroughs, particularly in the registration of international patents and localization of various technologies, show the success of learning efforts. This study, which examines the learning processes to joint R&D (JRD) projects in the petroleum industry, analyzes the path of technological learning in this industry using a mixed method approach and multi case study method. For this purpose, four successful JRD projects in technological learning in upstream and downstream are selected and 16 interviews are conducted with project managers and experts of selected projects and using the JRD's life cycle to present a technological learning model in JRDs. The results of theme analysis of interviews show that the most important and effective component of the model is "effective factors". The most affected component is "types of learning". Also, the most effective factors and the most effective learning mechanism are "absorption capability", "cultural homogeneity" and "learning by interacting" Respectively.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Ebatarhe Osiobe; Kiamuke Itiowe
Abstract
The global economy is expanding at a drastic pace and energy is fundamental to nearly all economic activities and modern standards of living. Sustaining oil supply is a profound challenge in the oil and gas industry. One of the ways the industry is now looking to sustain supply is through the development ...
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The global economy is expanding at a drastic pace and energy is fundamental to nearly all economic activities and modern standards of living. Sustaining oil supply is a profound challenge in the oil and gas industry. One of the ways the industry is now looking to sustain supply is through the development of oil rim which was once seen in the past as un-commercial because of technology. Developing oil rim has its own opportunities and challenges which this study has focused on. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and viability of oil rim development, the opportunities and challenges associated with it, and the factors that could affect its economical viability. Troll Oilfield in Norwegian continental shelf was used as a case study because it is an oil rim field. The economic analysis that was carried out was based on historical production data of Troll oilfield. Deterministic approach was used which involved both cash flow and sensitivity analysis. Based on the results from the economical analysis that was carried out, oil rim development is marginally economical and viable but on certain conditions (low CAPEX and high oil price). The type of technology used in developing oil rim determines the efficiency and economical feasibility of the development. The outcome of this study shows that, technology has actually made oil rim development possible which was once seen as un-commercial in the past and also oil price is the main determinant of the viability of oil rim development.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Abdolhosein Bayat; Farhad Rahbar; Ali Vatani; Seyyed Abdollah Razavi
Abstract
As one of the mother industries, the petrochemical industry is one of the most important pillars of development and the driving engine of various sectors of the country's economy. This industry will achieve several important goals such as increasing export income, expanding downstream industries, creating ...
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As one of the mother industries, the petrochemical industry is one of the most important pillars of development and the driving engine of various sectors of the country's economy. This industry will achieve several important goals such as increasing export income, expanding downstream industries, creating jobs, and increasing GDP. This importance has been emphasized in the country's upstream documents, such as the general policies of the resistance economy, focusing on the development of petroleum refineries, to prevent the vulnerability of oil and gas revenues by developing the value chain and increasing the export of these products. The current thesis aims to investigate the value chain of the petrochemical industry with the new approach of petrochemical refineries, as well as the pathology and evaluation of the current state of the aforementioned chains in the country with the descriptive research method and the library method using policy research. The results of the research show that the chain of petrochemical products with the approach of creating petrochemical refineries has relatively high advantages compared to focusing on chains with the traditional approach.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Maria Hamidian; Hasan Darvish; Mohammad Javad Hozoori; Mojtaba Rafiei
Abstract
The world is presently witnessing a shift in approach to organizational jobs and structures towards temporary and flat structures. Accordingly, people’s careers and how they are managed are changing in organizations. Understanding career anchors as a way to discover self-image and external feedback ...
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The world is presently witnessing a shift in approach to organizational jobs and structures towards temporary and flat structures. Accordingly, people’s careers and how they are managed are changing in organizations. Understanding career anchors as a way to discover self-image and external feedback of behavior can be effective in personal and organizational decisions. This research is an attempt to understand career anchors among the employees of National Iranian Oil Company, which is one of the most important economic organizations in Iran, using a mixed-methods approach. In the qualitative phase, 30 interviews were subjected to content analysis, which resulted in identifying 14 categories. The four categories of career stability, halal income, God satisfaction, and dedication were not observed in the research literature. The reliability of the qualitative data was estimated at 0.853 by William Scott’s method. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire, which was based on the standard CIO2 questionnaire of Schein (1990) and some self-designed questions for the newly identified anchors, was used for data collection from a sample of 200 people. The questionnaire’s reliability was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha. It was observed that career stability and halal income were the top-ranked career anchors of the studied employees.
Mehryar Dashab; faysal ameri; Ali Emami Meibodi; Mohammad Rahbar
Abstract
In the 2000s, some projects were defined to export Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in order to increase Iran’s presence in gas export markets.However, despite the initial planning until 2020, when this research was conducted, none led to a result, and Iran could not play a role in this market. Delay ...
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In the 2000s, some projects were defined to export Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in order to increase Iran’s presence in gas export markets.However, despite the initial planning until 2020, when this research was conducted, none led to a result, and Iran could not play a role in this market. Delay in executing these plans will lead to losing the opportunity to use the joint South Pars field and billions of dollars of foreign exchange earnings. The purpose of this study, which was conducted 2019 to 2020, is to identify the factors leading to the failure of Iran’s LNG projects. In order to identify and prioritize these factors, the opinion of experts and the Fuzzy Delphi technique is employed. Investigating the condition at the national and international level indicates that some factors have prevented all of these projects from being successful, including political issues, international sanctions on Iran, lack of domestic capital, lack of appropriate foundation for attracting foreign investors, constraints of domestic rules and regulations, especially in the upstream sector for choosing the contract format, not having access to the liquefaction technology, and the issues pertinent to marketing, and the most important one, lack of suitable commercial structural design. Identifying these factors and planning for tackling them is the key to escaping this current situation and a guide for prospering in future projects of the country.
Accounting
Mohsen Arabyarmohamadi; mohammad reza adboli; Asghar Karami; Maryam Shahri
Abstract
The purpose of this research is Effectiveness of the Green Tax Sustainability Consequences based on Themes of Pluralistic Decision in Petrochemical Firms. The methodology of this research is a mix methodology and it has been used by Meta-synthesis, Delphi and Rough Theory. The target population was the ...
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The purpose of this research is Effectiveness of the Green Tax Sustainability Consequences based on Themes of Pluralistic Decision in Petrochemical Firms. The methodology of this research is a mix methodology and it has been used by Meta-synthesis, Delphi and Rough Theory. The target population was the qualitative, similar research and academic experts in the field of accounting. But the target population in a quantitative part was 22 managers of petrochemical firms, which is acceptable from the statistical population due to the requirement of rough theory analysis. In this study, based on the meta-synthesis analysis of the selected researches, 6 pluralistic/pluralistic decision propositions and 4 consequential components of green tax sustainability were determined, which entered the Ruff collection analysis phase due to the confirmation of theoretical adequacy based on Delphi analysis. The results in this section identify the most influential pluralistic/pluralistic decision-making proposition, the three propositions of social responsibility in decision-making; it was the reduction of conflict of interest in decision-making and the legitimacy of decision-making that affects green tax sustainability and reduces emissions as the most effective component of green tax sustainability consequence.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Ali Panahi; Amin Habibirad; Saeed Safari
Abstract
Project portfolio management is a comprehensive framework for decision making and selecting the portfolio of projects to achieve the goals of the organization by considering resource constraints. The importance of this issue in Iran's oil and gas industry is even more remarkable than ever due to ...
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Project portfolio management is a comprehensive framework for decision making and selecting the portfolio of projects to achieve the goals of the organization by considering resource constraints. The importance of this issue in Iran's oil and gas industry is even more remarkable than ever due to its unique position in the country's economy, capital-intensive and capital budget constraints that have been intensified in recent years. Identifying and defining different scenarios for each oil and gas field, determining the parameters of the mathematical model, the required data to calculate the parameters of the model and the process and methods of identifying this data, indicate the distinction and necessity of this research. This study is an applied research in terms of objective, using mathematical modeling approach, has provided a pattern to determine the optimal portfolio of capital plans of oil and gas companies. The research method is case study which has studied one of the most important oil and gas producing companies in the country and the only offshore company. In this study, a framework for selecting the optimal portfolio of capital projects is determined and after gathering required data, the zero-one integer linear mathematical programming model with the objective function of maximizing the net present value from fields (as the strategic goal of company) by considering investment constraints was designed and solved by GAMS software. Finally, according to the defined constraint, the best investment mode for each field was identified and the optimal portfolio was defined.
Law Studies
Abdolhossein Shiravi; mahin falahati
Abstract
Oil and gas industry play a crucial role in the developed and developing countries’ financial and economic development. Resource rich countries are extremely dependent on oil companies for the extraction of petroleum resources. Governments decide which company has the right to extract the petroleum. ...
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Oil and gas industry play a crucial role in the developed and developing countries’ financial and economic development. Resource rich countries are extremely dependent on oil companies for the extraction of petroleum resources. Governments decide which company has the right to extract the petroleum. However,
according to the principle of permanent sovereignty over the natural resources, awarding the right to petroleum resources shall be exercised in the exclusive right of the people. Safeguarding the people’ right, governments are required to design both regulatory institutions and governance for develop, enforce and review of awarding regulations. For this reason, the present article analyzes the regulatory authority of petroleum right awarding in Iran. By reviewing the existing laws and regulations we conclude that the current status is chaotic and intricate due to the multiplicity in awarding regulators and inadequate governance. It is recommended to establish an awarding regulator based on the principles of regulatory excellence.
