Industrial Smartization Governance in Oil and Petrochemical Industries: A Context-Grounded Organizational Capability Architecture
Purpose: This study develops a context-grounded organizational capability architecture for governing industrial smartization in safety-critical oil and petrochemical environments. Methodology/Design: A qualitative, exploratory theory-building single-case design was used. Semi-structured interviews with 15 senior managers and experts were analyzed through contextualist reflexive thematic analysis and abductive reasoning; a subsequent appraisal by 12 experts assessed content adequacy and contextual applicability. Originality/Value: The study moves beyond isolated transformation enablers by explaining how managerial microfoundations are configured into five functionally differentiated but mutually reinforcing capability domains. Findings: The architecture comprises strategic leadership and transformation direction, human-centered transformation, data-driven and technological integration, operational process and performance optimization, and organizational learning and adaptive renewal. Implications: The architecture offers a diagnostic and implementation basis for capability orchestration while defining clear boundaries for transferability and future multi-case and quantitative testing.Keywords: Socio-technical adaptation; Process safety management; Capability orchestration; Industrial resilience; Digital governance mechanisms.