Quarterly Publication

Analyzing the potential hazards linked to the New Iranian Petroleum Contracts (IPC) from the perspective of the contractor.

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant professor of international energy law, faculty of Law and political science

2 Tehran university- Department of law

10.22050/pbr.2026.573826.1428
Abstract
The Islamic Republic of Iran has recently introduced the fourth generation of oil buyback contracts, known as the Iran Petroleum Contracts (IPC). The main objective of these new contracts is to attract foreign investment in the Iranian oil and gas sector. While the IPCs address certain risks associated with the Iranian Petroleum Buyback Contracts from the contractor's perspective, there are still additional concerns for contractors. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the risks associated with these contracts, this study takes a multi-faceted approach. Firstly, it provides an overview of upstream contracts in the oil industry. It then to identify and monitor all contractual and non-contractual risks linked to IPC contracts conducts a combination of qualitative methods (library and documentary research and Delphi method) and quantitative methods (interviews and questionnaires with 50 industry experts and companies involved in buyback, using techniques Fuzzy AHP, and Fuzzy TOPSIS). Through the use of these methods, the study aims to provide investors with valuable insights into the potential risks of the IPCs and assist NIOC in effectively responding to and monitoring these risks, thereby encouraging investment in the development of Iran's oil and gas projects.

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Articles in Press, Corrected Proof
Available Online from 11 July 2026

  • Receive Date 03 February 2026
  • Revise Date 10 June 2026
  • Accept Date 23 June 2026