Developing a Foundational Framework for Emission Policy Design to Mitigate CO2 Emission in Iran Case Study: An Empirical Approach to Guide Decision-Makers in Iran Using Simplified DICE Models
Volume 9, Issue 2, Spring 2025, Pages 16-32
https://doi.org/10.22050/pbr.2025.500200.1378
Mohammadreza Asadollahi, Mohammad Mahdi Hajian, Abbas Toosi, Alimohammad Fallahzadeh
Abstract Climate change is a global issue, driven largely by greenhouse gas emission, with carbon dioxide (CO2) being the biggest contributor. Iran, one of the top 10 emitters globally, faces unique challenges in reducing its CO2 emission due to economic sanctions, data gaps, and limited experience with climate policy. To help guide decision-makers, this study uses the Simplified DICE model—DICE model is a widely accepted tool for analyzing climate and economic interactions—to evaluate different strategies for emission reduction. These strategies mainly include carbon pricing, investment in renewables as mitigation of emission growth, and improving energy efficiency. The results show that such policies can positively impact GDP, temperature stabilization, and emission levels. This research provides the first numerical framework tailored to Iran’s specific context, offering practical insights for policymakers. Key policy implications include the necessity to overcome sanctions in aspects of Investment and technology absorption, improved data collection to refine future analyses, and adopting cost-effective measures that balance economic growth with environmental sustainability.
A Review of Contractual Risk Allocation in Usance Finance Contracts
Volume 5, Issue 3, Summer 2021, Pages 19-27
https://doi.org/10.22050/pbr.2021.281438.1187
Mohammadreza Asadollahi, Mohammad Mahdi Hajian
Abstract Oil and gas projects are very complicated, and various risks are included in oil and gas projects and contracts. Different aspects of risks can be addressed in a risk management process in which assessment, efficient distribution, and allocation of contractual risks are critical. Many researchers have studied project risk management in oil and gas industries, focusing on legal and contractual risks aiming to reach an optimal risk distribution, which does not necessarily mean having a complete contract. This work thoroughly studies the related research and performs a complete review of different downstream petrochemical projects contracts to review contractual risk allocation in usance finance contracts. Concentration on used risk management mechanisms in both cases and related risks shows severe issues and bugs in both contracts. Some contractual risks are not addressed, and the case contracts are not balanced regarding contractual risks distribution