Petroleum University of TechnologyPetroleum Business Review2645-47267420231001Investor Sentiment and the Likelihood of Fraudulent Financial Reporting in Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries: The Moderating Role of Risk Disclosure11417808010.22050/pbr.2023.385052.1290ENManijehRamshehAssistant Professor, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Qom, Qom, IranZohrehArefmaneshAssistant Professor, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics, Management and Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd, IranRoghieRostamiMaster of Sciene in Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Qom, Qom, IranZohrehKhastarMaster of Sciene in Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Qom, Qom, IranJournal Article20230209In the behavioral finance paradigm, investor sentiment can affect managers' behavior in financial reporting. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between investor sentiment and the likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting. Additionally, as risk disclosure may influence the relationship between investor sentiment and the likelihood of fraud, this paper investigates its moderating role. For this purpose, the data of 41 companies operating in the petroleum and petrochemical industries in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2013 to 2021 were used. The research models have been examined by logistic regression method. The results show that the likelihood of fraud is lower when investor sentiment is high. Furthermore, the study of the market's reaction to fraud shows that the market reaction to fraud announcements is less negative during high investor sentiment periods. In addition, the results demonstrated that risk disclosure moderates the relationship between investor sentiment and the likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting. It may be because, risk disclosure reduces the impact of investor sentiment on auditors' optimism by reducing information asymmetry between managers and investors. This leads to an increase in audit report clauses that confirm likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting.https://pbr.put.ac.ir/article_178080_3d3f0e32c7d543147aa794d9b1f5baf1.pdfPetroleum University of TechnologyPetroleum Business Review2645-47267420231001Designing a Performance Management Model for National Iranian Oil Company Managers153417462910.22050/pbr.2023.395060.1299ENSeyed MousaDehbannezhadDepartment of Public Administration, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran.0009-0002-3563-8445GhanbarAmirnezhadDepartment of Public Administration, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-7951-129XMohammadrezaMardaniDepartment of Public Administration, Imam Hossein comprehensive University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-7250-123XFoadMakvandiDepartment of Public Administration, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran.0000-0001-9778-067XMohammadHematiDepartment of Management, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran.0000-0003-4716-6393Journal Article20230429Performance management is a systematic approach that helps to improve the organization's performance through the processes of setting strategic goals, measuring, collecting, and analyzing data, reviewing performance data reports, and applying its results. An evaluation and monitoring system in the form of performance management At the macro level, which monitors the upstream documents, development plans, etc. in the form of one-year or even fewer time schedules, and provides the necessary feedback to pave the way to achieve the vision at different structural and management levels, one of the necessities which is currently the main question of the research entitled "Which is the appropriate model for managing the performance of managers?". To achieve this goal, the factors were identified using a qualitative and quantitative combined approach. In the qualitative phase of the Systematic literature method (SLR) and Delphi technique. The articles and documents selected in the systematic literature method (SLR) were evaluated in terms of quality through the CASP method. Based on the findings, 6 factors were identified as effective factors on performance. Managers were identified as external organizational factors - internal organizational factors - individual factors - input elements - performance management processes - results. Each of these factors has been used separately or in combination in various articles and research.https://pbr.put.ac.ir/article_174629_69ecfbdbeff70c70920350482e535c7e.pdfPetroleum University of TechnologyPetroleum Business Review2645-47267420231001The Prerequisites for International Sales of Natural Gas in the Iran Energy Exchange355818052110.22050/pbr.2023.394112.1297ENYasharHashemiPh.D. Candidate, Law and Political Sciences Faculty, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, IranMohammad MahdiHajianAssistant Professor, Law and Political Sciences Faculty, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, IranGhasemAghaei3Ph.D, Law and Political Sciences Faculty, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20230422The supply of natural gas in energy exchanges has emerged as a significant aspect of the global energy landscape since the 1990s, requiring the establishment of appropriate trading platforms. In Iran, it was envisioned the sale of up to ten billion cubic meters of natural gas following the approval of the budget law of 1400 (2021). However, despite these projections, no offerings were made on the Iran Energy Exchange (IRENEX) due to various challenges. This research aims to identify the essential prerequisites for gas supply in energy exchanges using a systematic review approach and subsequently analyze these prerequisites within the context of Iran's gas market. The findings of this study reveal that while the technical prerequisites for such transactions are presently available, significant strides are needed in terms of legal and structural aspects. Notably, challenges arise from the presence of long-term contracts between the National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC) and neighboring countries, the monopolization of the country's natural gas industry's value chain by state-owned enterprises, incomplete unbundling of the mentioned chain, limited third-party access to pipelines and storage facilities, gas supply with subsidized tariffs, and the absence of a comprehensive law governing the integration of Iran's natural gas market. Overcoming these obstacles is imperative for enabling natural gas supply in the IRENEX and successfully implementing the gas supply program. Policy makers must carefully address these prerequisites to foster a conducive environment for gas trading within the energy exchange and pave the way for its effective implementation.https://pbr.put.ac.ir/article_180521_80eefd968b7a3ec5083697ca7e0e4b7b.pdfPetroleum University of TechnologyPetroleum Business Review2645-47267420231001Systematic & Structural Analysis of Innovation System of Iran’s Oil Industry597317462410.22050/pbr.2023.356326.1275ENAliYousefiDepartment of Management and Accounting , Farabi Campus , Tehran University , Qom , IranNaserBagherimoghadamDepartment of Technology and Innovation Policy Group, national research institute for science policy (NRISP), Tehran, Iran.MahdiSahafzadehDepartment of Management and Accounting , Farabi Campus , Tehran University , Qom , IranJournal Article20220816In this descriptive qualitative research with case study research strategy, the Iranian oil industry innovation system in the form of adopting a structural and functional approach (systemic approach) in depth and in its natural context from the perspective of the participants studied. Based on theoretical framework that includes five systemic components of innovation system, actors and relationships between them have been identified. In order to ensure validity of the structure, multiple information sources (interviews, observations and document analysis) is used. Also to achieve external validity, previous theories have been used as the initial theoretical framework of the research. The absorption and development of strategic knowledge and technologies of the oil industry was introduced as the main function of the system and three sub-functions identified for it. Identifying 29 existing structural and functional challenges from the perspective of experts has complemented the understanding of this system. Finally, policy proposals are presented.https://pbr.put.ac.ir/article_174624_8dfeb87635779bea3dc6464c6000bf13.pdfPetroleum University of TechnologyPetroleum Business Review2645-47267420231001Comparison of the Effect of Income Inequality and Petrol Quotas on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Iran748517462610.22050/pbr.2023.375840.1287ENMasoumehDadgarEconomics Department, Social and Economics Science Faculty, Alzahra UniversityVidaVarahramiEconomics Department, Economics and Political Science Faculty, Shahid Beheshti UniversityJournal Article20221207Income distribution and environmental destruction represent two of the most important goals in the Sustainable Development Goals. However, the linkage between income inequality and carbon emissions remains controversial especially in countries with natural oil and gas resources. This paper studies the link between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and income inequality in Iran over 1985–2020. The modelling results indicate that there is a trade-off between income inequality and CO2 emissions. By applying the Vector Auto regression approach found a direct relationship between Gini coefficient and CO2 emissions and indirect relationship between petrol price and CO2 emissions. Petrol price have a smaller although negative impact on CO2 emissions compared to the positive effect of inequality. To investigate the effect of shocks, Impulse response checked out. According to the variance decomposition, income inequality after carbon dioxide emissions is the most explanatory change in gas emissions among other variables. This paper presents a positive effect of petrol price shocks on carbon dioxide emissions, and also negative effect on carbon dioxide emissions in long term.https://pbr.put.ac.ir/article_174626_25805ead24c93507fbd48828eddcdf62.pdfPetroleum University of TechnologyPetroleum Business Review2645-47267420231001Identifying the Effective Factors for Issuing Catastrophic Bonds in the Iran's Oil and Gas Industry with Using the Delphi Method8610217462510.22050/pbr.2023.365404.1282ENMohammad RezaKazemi Najaf AbadiPh.D. Student, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Allameh Tabataba`i University, Tehran,
IranMohammad MahdiHajianAssistant Professor, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Allameh Tabataba`i University, Tehran, IranMohammad HashemBot ShekanAssociate Professor, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba`i University, Tehran, IranGhadirMahdaviAssociate Professor, Faculty of Insurance, Allameh Tabataba`i University, Tehran, Iran,Journal Article20221101One of the innovations that has been formed in the insurance industry in recent years is transfer the risk to the capital markets. Today, this possibility is provided by issuing insurance bonds and Catastrophe bonds, which are a most important type of insurance-linked securities (ILS), can redress inefficiency in the insurance industry.<br />Today, more and more Catastrophe (CAT) bonds are being issued worldwide, which is welcomed by investors and insurance companies. On the other hand, traditional insurance solutions to cover the risks of Iran's oil and gas industry is not efficient and sufficient and using CAT bonds to transfer risks of this industry to capital markets is a necessary and inevitable issue.<br />The aim of this research is to identify effective factors for issuing Catastrophe bonds in Iran's oil and gas industry. On this basis and after reviewing the literature through library studies, 33 factors were identified in the form of seven categories, based on the similarities. Then, based on Delphi method, experts were asked to express their opinions through an iterative questionnaire. After take the experts' opinions in every round, the statistics analysis was performed and the Delphi process was stopped in the third round. Based on the results, the number of 32 factors in six categories with the titles Legislation and Amendment of the Rules, Knowledge Management, Process Management, Transparency, Creation and Strengthening of Software Platforms and Cultivation were approved by experts and identified as effective factors for issuance of Cat bonds in Iran's oil and gas industry.https://pbr.put.ac.ir/article_174625_48cfbbc813196560627d0071cb57a375.pdf