Energy Management and Engineering
Azam Ahmadyan; Mohamad Nasr Esfahani
Abstract
COVID affects various sectors of the economy, including energy. Measuring these effects on the energy sector can help policymakers adopt appropriate protectionist policies. In this paper, the effect of COVID shock on energy and non-energy sectors has been investigated using the DSGE model. For this purpose, ...
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COVID affects various sectors of the economy, including energy. Measuring these effects on the energy sector can help policymakers adopt appropriate protectionist policies. In this paper, the effect of COVID shock on energy and non-energy sectors has been investigated using the DSGE model. For this purpose, two shocks of preferences and shocks of labor supply have been used. This article adds COVID to the model as well as adding energy to the New Keynesian model. The effect of COVID on the energy and non-energy sectors of the two channels of labor supply and consumer preferences has been investigated. The results of the study indicate that consumption, investment, and production in the energy sector have increased under the influence of both shocks. But consumption, investment and production in non-energy sector have declined. Prices and production costs have increased in both sectors. Also, the negative effects of the preferences shock were greater than the negative effects of the labor supply shock.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Shohreh Pirani
Abstract
The oil market is affected by the supply of oil by oil-producing countries. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was established in the 1960s to balance oil prices in favor of oil-producing countries. OPEC has gone through a period of convergence and divergence since its inception ...
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The oil market is affected by the supply of oil by oil-producing countries. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was established in the 1960s to balance oil prices in favor of oil-producing countries. OPEC has gone through a period of convergence and divergence since its inception under political-economic events and crises. In turn, this convergence and divergence have had a significant impact on oil production, supply, and prices in the oil market. OPEC members form a diverse range of population, size, reserves, output, gross domestic product, ideology, and type of relationship with world powers. This diversity, along with internal tensions, leads to different approaches on energy markets and production quotas, which has affected the interests of all producing countries. Thus, this study aims to assess the convergence relationship between OPEC members on the strength of this organization on the market. To reach this aim, we have used a qualitative method of descriptive and analytical type using library resources and documents. Findings show that any lack of convergence and understanding between OPEC members has led to increased supply in the oil market and fluctuating prices. These price fluctuations seriously damage the economies of exporting countries.
Energy Management and Engineering
Mojtaba Shiarbahadori; Saber Molla-Alizadeh-Zavardehi; Ali Mahmoodirad
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model for evaluating the performance of financial units in petrochemical industry. This exploratory practical study carried out based on the descriptive-analytical method and all data were gathered via two separate processes as interview and ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model for evaluating the performance of financial units in petrochemical industry. This exploratory practical study carried out based on the descriptive-analytical method and all data were gathered via two separate processes as interview and literature review. The statistical population included professional and academic experts in the field of human resources (HR) to answer qualitative questions by targeted sampling for experts. According to the experts’ opinion, in order to identify effective factors, the Grounded Theory method and Interpretive Structural Method (ISM) were applied for evaluation of method and structural equations, respectively. After reviewing all the 67 indicators of financial performance that were extracted from theoretical foundations and previous research, 48 indicators have been approved by Delphi Roxab Group and then were selected. Finally, content factor analysis showed that all 48 indicators are significant enough. The novelty of this research compared to the similar ones raised from identifying the factors related to "production and procurement" and so "marketing" of the understudy organization that have not been evaluated in the previous studies.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Reza Ashtari; Maryam Darvishi; Ghasem Bakhshandeh; Mohammad Hemati
Abstract
Competitive advantages play a unique role in organizations' successes or failures because of customers' very speedy accessibility to suppliers and manufacturers. Indeed, this is competitive advantages which can make firms and organizations survive and grow in today's increasing competitive field attaining ...
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Competitive advantages play a unique role in organizations' successes or failures because of customers' very speedy accessibility to suppliers and manufacturers. Indeed, this is competitive advantages which can make firms and organizations survive and grow in today's increasing competitive field attaining by creating and or improving their capabilities. The main goal of the study is to design a grounded theory model extracted from the transnational capabilities, but this required to explore the transnational capabilities aiming for the international markets entry. The statistical population of this qualitative research included experts and managers working in the steel pipe manufacturing companies of Iranian gas and oil industry. The data collected via interviews. The validity assured by counseling with the elites and university professors and the reliability verified by the Delphi technique. The findings revealed 496 open, 44 axial and 9 selective codes including: 1) Marketing, 2) Managerial, 3) Human Resources, 4) Financial, 5) Manufacturing, 6) Quality & Standards, 7) Research & Development 8) Logistics and 9) Interactions and counseling with the government. Finally, a new model extracted and represented from analysis of the axial coding process of the grounded theory. The model precisely clarified relationships among the components including casual conditions, context, actions/interactions (strategies), intervening conditions and consequences. Recognition of the relationships of the components will help better understanding of the capabilities. This will lead to attain the competitive advantages needed for successful entry into the international markets.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Mohammad Reza Shokouhi; Mohammad Reza Moniri; Behnaz Shahheidar
Abstract
Companies need to exactly manage their assets to balance performance, risk, and cost. The ability of equipment to provide a certain level of performance is influenced by its design, utilization, deterioration, and life. On the other hand, in order to obtain the desired level of performance and reduce ...
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Companies need to exactly manage their assets to balance performance, risk, and cost. The ability of equipment to provide a certain level of performance is influenced by its design, utilization, deterioration, and life. On the other hand, in order to obtain the desired level of performance and reduce risk, proper planning of maintenance activities during the period must be done. To manage this issue, organizations must develop a suitable method for their assets from the acquisition stage to the disposal to obtain the required processes and, ultimately, to earn the desired profit. In this study, petroleum pipelines have been considered as a case study, and life cycle cost (LCC), risk, and key performance indicators (KPI) have been identified as the criteria for decision making. KPI is itself composed of three sub criteria, including reliability, availability, and maintainability. They are weighted by using the opinions of eight expert and DANP method. The final weights of LCC, risk, and KPI (reliability, availability, and maintainability) are 0.269, 0.301, and 0.429 respectively. Considering different strategies in each phase of the asset life cycle, different scenarios are described for the asset life cycle as follows: 1) RCM-replacement, 2) RCM-overhaul, 3) CBM-replacement, 4) CBM-overhaul, 5) TPM-replacement, and 6) TPM-overhaul. Finally, based on the gained experts’ viewpoint from questionnaire and MOORA technique to rank the scenarios, the desired scenario, namely Buy-TPM-Replacement, is selected. Due to the use of experts’ opinions, these results will vary with the change of people, and due to the lack of relevant data, it is not possible to avoid this issue.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Shima Sakhaei; Abbas Kazemi Najafabadi
Abstract
Various types of hazard exist in the upstream oil and gas industry. Therefore, the contracting parties of any petroleum contract always try to reduce the inevitable economic burdens of occurring adverse events arising out of risks in the course of petroleum operation by applying legal approaches such ...
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Various types of hazard exist in the upstream oil and gas industry. Therefore, the contracting parties of any petroleum contract always try to reduce the inevitable economic burdens of occurring adverse events arising out of risks in the course of petroleum operation by applying legal approaches such as contractual risk allocation provisions, which can be realized by drafting efficient insurance and indemnity clauses as the subset of risk allocation provisions. Hence, this study addressed the main research question of “What are the necessary parameters for drafting the insurance and indemnity clauses in the main types of upstream petroleum contracts?”. To this end, the mentioned clauses stipulated in the main types of upstream petroleum contracts, including concessions, production sharing, and service contracts of 15 different countries worldwide, in addition to the comparative analysis with the new model of Iranian Petroleum Contract (IPC), are examined. Eventually, the hypothesis of this study verified that there should be several parameters such as liability towards risks, limitation of liability, and exclusions/exemptions for drafting the insurance and indemnity clauses in these contracts, that is, the result and the answer to the research question. Moreover, the comparative analysis of the extracted set of parameters needed to draft these clauses legally, with the related ones in IPC, is conducted. Therefore, the existing contractual shortcomings are detected. After that, the necessary suggestions to resolve them are offered, which can enhance the effectiveness of the upstream petroleum contracts and avoid potential litigation in this regard.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Mohammad Reza Lotfalipour; Elmira Zohourian; Mohammad Ali Falahi; Malihe Ashena
Abstract
Environmental tax reform can be used in a fundamental transformation towards a green economy. Green tax may reduce the energy consumption and pollution emissions, as well as other economic benefits. This study mainly focused on the effects of green taxes on labor demand in Iranian industry sector during ...
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Environmental tax reform can be used in a fundamental transformation towards a green economy. Green tax may reduce the energy consumption and pollution emissions, as well as other economic benefits. This study mainly focused on the effects of green taxes on labor demand in Iranian industry sector during 1980 – 2015. Regarding the double dividend hypothesis, green taxes may improve the employment by substitution between labor and energy. Using CES production function, the elasticity of substitution between labor and energy is estimated 0.48 percent for industry sector. Then, the effect of green taxes on labor demand is investigated subject to government’s fixed budget constraint and labor demand function. The results show that green tax will have positive effects on employment in the industry. During the transfer of the labor tax system to the green tax system, the environment and employment may improve, without additional cost to the government and producer.
Law Studies
Bassey Essien Kooffreh; Brian F.I. Anyatang
Abstract
This article in its introductory part will be devoted to conceptual clarifications of decommissioning and abandonment and (differences, if any). Part two, is the critical analysis of legislations on decommissioning in Nigeria. Part three is also a critical analysis on legal regimes and practices on decommissioning ...
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This article in its introductory part will be devoted to conceptual clarifications of decommissioning and abandonment and (differences, if any). Part two, is the critical analysis of legislations on decommissioning in Nigeria. Part three is also a critical analysis on legal regimes and practices on decommissioning in other jurisdictions such as USA, UK, South Africa. Part Four is a comparative analysis of legislations and decommissioning practices in Nigeria and another jurisdiction. Part Five Consists of findings/observations made during the research. In the end, recommendations and conclusions are drawn, part of which is a call for proactive actions by megacorporation and the Nigerian government in the sphere of timeous decommissioning of obsolete and failed platforms, enactment and, or, review of obsolete legislations regulating decommissioning as well as fulfillment of obligations under multi-lateral environmental treaties that regulate decommissioning and sustainable environmental management and protection. A comprehensive legal framework on decommissioning is urgently required to be enacted to detonate the time bomb on which the region is still sitting due to the fact that the 170 platforms are nearing their useful lifetime.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Ehsan Rasoulinezhad; Masoud Rezaeian
Abstract
The oil price fluctuations are a debatable issue among scholars. Understanding the appropriate utilization of underground resources is paramount, considering their abundance and historical significance as a crucial source of financial income for Iran. However, oil shocks pose challenges to petroleum ...
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The oil price fluctuations are a debatable issue among scholars. Understanding the appropriate utilization of underground resources is paramount, considering their abundance and historical significance as a crucial source of financial income for Iran. However, oil shocks pose challenges to petroleum exporting nations due to fluctuating oil prices and their reliance on the global economy. This study employs Econometrics models and auto-regression analysis to investigate whether oil shocks significantly affect sustainable development in OPEC countries during 2000-2019. Findings reveal a 'resource curse' affecting the analyzed nations, with rising oil prices having no substantial impact on their gross domestic product. Furthermore, increased oil revenues drive inflation, impeding urbanization and exacerbating inequality (Gini coefficient), indicative of the 'Dutch disease phenomenon. In conclusion, policymakers should prioritize the economy's size and reduce investment risks by formulating attainable long-term plans concentrated on sustainable development indicators, aiming for more stable progress. Oil shocks notably influence the sustainable development of petroleum-exporting countries.
Accounting
Mohsen Arabyarmohamadi; Mohammad Reza Adboli; Asghar Karami; Maryam Shahri
Abstract
The purpose of this research is Effectiveness of the Green Tax Sustainability Consequences based on Themes of Pluralistic Decision in Petrochemical Firms. The methodology of this research is a mix methodology and it has been used by Meta-synthesis, Delphi and Rough Theory. The target population was the ...
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The purpose of this research is Effectiveness of the Green Tax Sustainability Consequences based on Themes of Pluralistic Decision in Petrochemical Firms. The methodology of this research is a mix methodology and it has been used by Meta-synthesis, Delphi and Rough Theory. The target population was the qualitative, similar research and academic experts in the field of accounting. But the target population in a quantitative part was 22 managers of petrochemical firms, which is acceptable from the statistical population due to the requirement of rough theory analysis. In this study, based on the meta-synthesis analysis of the selected researches, 6 pluralistic/pluralistic decision propositions and 4 consequential components of green tax sustainability were determined, which entered the Ruff collection analysis phase due to the confirmation of theoretical adequacy based on Delphi analysis. The results in this section identify the most influential pluralistic/pluralistic decision-making proposition, the three propositions of social responsibility in decision-making; it was the reduction of conflict of interest in decision-making and the legitimacy of decision-making that affects green tax sustainability and reduces emissions as the most effective component of green tax sustainability consequence.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Ali Yousefi; Naser Bagherimoghadam; Mahdi Sahafzadeh
Abstract
In this descriptive qualitative research with case study research strategy, the Iranian oil industry innovation system in the form of adopting a structural and functional approach (systemic approach) in depth and in its natural context from the perspective of the participants studied. Based on theoretical ...
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In this descriptive qualitative research with case study research strategy, the Iranian oil industry innovation system in the form of adopting a structural and functional approach (systemic approach) in depth and in its natural context from the perspective of the participants studied. Based on theoretical framework that includes five systemic components of innovation system, actors and relationships between them have been identified. In order to ensure validity of the structure, multiple information sources (interviews, observations and document analysis) is used. Also to achieve external validity, previous theories have been used as the initial theoretical framework of the research. The absorption and development of strategic knowledge and technologies of the oil industry was introduced as the main function of the system and three sub-functions identified for it. Identifying 29 existing structural and functional challenges from the perspective of experts has complemented the understanding of this system. Finally, policy proposals are presented.
Ali Mohammad Ghanbari; leila Soleimani
Abstract
In this research we try to investigate impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation on the effectiveness of financial processes in PETROPARS Ltd as a case study in petroleum industry. In this regard, three indicators of Ahituv and Neumann model containing time, content, and format have ...
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In this research we try to investigate impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation on the effectiveness of financial processes in PETROPARS Ltd as a case study in petroleum industry. In this regard, three indicators of Ahituv and Neumann model containing time, content, and format have been utilized to compare traditional systems used in PETROPARS Ltd before implementation of ERP/SAP system. For this purpose, four hypothesis related to financial processes were developed and data collected from 101 employees related to financial processes in PETROPARS Ltd. There were 10 research questions related to the three indicators of Ahituv and Neumann model. Research findings show that ERP/SAP implementation has a positive and significant impact on financial processes effectiveness compared to the traditional systems previously used (before ERP/SAP system) in PETROPARS Ltd. This research contributes to the body of knowledge for investigation and documentation of actual results of ERP implementation in the petroleum industry of Iran. A phenomenon that has not been previously touched.
mohammad ali hatefi
Abstract
Abstract The motivation of this paper is the way in which the alternative fuel modes for public transport are analyzed. The aim is proposing a hybrid method to select the best fuel for public transport. The buses with old and new alternative fuels are considered in this paper. Several types of fuels ...
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Abstract The motivation of this paper is the way in which the alternative fuel modes for public transport are analyzed. The aim is proposing a hybrid method to select the best fuel for public transport. The buses with old and new alternative fuels are considered in this paper. Several types of fuels are considered as alternative-fuel modes, e.g., conventional diesel, ultra-low-sulfur diesel fuel, bio-diesel fuel, and electric and gasoline hybrid engine. Moreover, many decision criteria categorized into performance, environmental, economical, infrastructure, technological, social, and risk are taken into consideration. The paper uses a hybrid multi-criteria decision analysis model to rank the fuel modes and/or choose the most efficient one. This hybrid method consists of rank order centroid method to assign the weights to the criteria, and additive ratio assessment technique to analyze the decision-making matrix. To demonstrate the applicability and flexibility of the model, a case study with data given by the experts from the respected fields is employed. The result presents that the liquefied propane gas (LPG) outperforms the other options in terms of the selected criteria.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Seyyed Abdollah Razavi; Iman Mohamadali Tajrishi
Abstract
For every organizational and project activity, decisions should be made to delegate necessary resources. The objective of the current paper is to assist the oil and gas managers in aligning each functional level of strategy to make decisions on resource delegation. This can be conducted by creating ...
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For every organizational and project activity, decisions should be made to delegate necessary resources. The objective of the current paper is to assist the oil and gas managers in aligning each functional level of strategy to make decisions on resource delegation. This can be conducted by creating a synergy which increases organizational performance. The methodology used in this research is based on a case study on Iran’s South Pars oil and gas zone. The purpose of the present work is to find the alignment pattern classified on social structuralism domain. This study is explanatory, qualitative, and developmental since it applies the fuzzy set theory to measurements. Presented herein is a comprehensive model according to the systematic and scientific approaches in the field of management. The main purpose of this model is to create organizational strategy alignment in severe environmental conditions and in the presence of external economic sanctions in South Pars oil and gas projects. The statistical society included in this study were the managers and CEO’s who had in-depth experience in South Pars projects for more than five years. Since the number of the managers were 43, the possibility of data gathering allowed for not using the sample size. The results show that by increasing strategic alignment (SA) among strategy functions, structure, human resource, and technology, the level of organizational performance rises, and the fuzzy model of SA leads to better statement reality.
Energy Management and Engineering
Hamid Alizadeh
Abstract
The transformational leadership is known as one of the most important and effective factors on organizational behaviors of the employee. Creation of the motivation and energy in the employees requires a leader with inspirational qualities. On the other hand, the organizational citizenship behavior is ...
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The transformational leadership is known as one of the most important and effective factors on organizational behaviors of the employee. Creation of the motivation and energy in the employees requires a leader with inspirational qualities. On the other hand, the organizational citizenship behavior is a factor in shaping. The current study was aimed at investigating the effects of transformational leadership on the employees’ organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, some personality traits are revealed in this study to be one of the main factors shaping the behaviors and to be moderating variables. The current study is of applied type in terms of the objective and a descriptive-correlational study in terms of data collection procedures. The data needed for the purpose of the study were collected by the use of questionnaire distributed among The 242 persons of statistical population, and these data have been analyzed by Structural Equations Modelling. The results indicated that all six hypotheses of the study were approved. In other words, the transformational leadership has positive and significant effects on both individual and organizational aspects of the organizational citizenship behavior. Also, the positive moderating role of neuroticism and extroversion in effects of transformational leadership on the individual and organizational aspects of organizational citizenship behavior was approved. The results show that the statistical community can utilize its human resources potential to create competitive advantage and develop the voluntary activities of its employees, provided that it is able to optimally implement transformational leadership style.
Energy Management and Engineering
Masoume Amidi; Gholamreza Hashemzadeh; Aliakbar Alizadeh
Abstract
Knowledge Management Pattern for Project -based organizations using Grounded Theory (case study: Energy Industry) One of the most crucial strategic challenges of organizations for achieving success and competitive advantage is related to knowledge management (KM) activities .Project based organizations(PBO) ...
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Knowledge Management Pattern for Project -based organizations using Grounded Theory (case study: Energy Industry) One of the most crucial strategic challenges of organizations for achieving success and competitive advantage is related to knowledge management (KM) activities .Project based organizations(PBO) of Energy Industry is responsible for producing , retaining and using huge amount of knowledge . In order to manage it effectively , it is necessary to use a customized KM pattern of which is fit into specific factors of the PBOs. The main objective of this paper is to present a customized knowledge management pattern considering PBO charachteristics of the under investigated Engery Industry by using Grounded Theory (GT). Needed information is gathered by semi-structured interview with experts and reviewing recent papers.By using open ,axial and selective coding,components of final model and their relations are found. Results showed nineteen main concept and five secondary concepts which are formed in “reasonal situations”,”intervention situations”,”strategies”, “central components” and “effects
Law Studies
Mohammad Reza Mansour Esfahani; Amir Abbas Bozorgmehr
Abstract
The international chamber of commerce (ICC) created a generally accepted set of terms named INCOTERMS 2020 which provides that the risk of the loss of or damage to the goods passes from the seller to the buyer when the seller has fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods. However, this rule is based ...
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The international chamber of commerce (ICC) created a generally accepted set of terms named INCOTERMS 2020 which provides that the risk of the loss of or damage to the goods passes from the seller to the buyer when the seller has fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods. However, this rule is based on a false base, which causes numerous exceptions where the goods are delivered, but the risk remains on behalf of the seller. In this paper, we will prove that there is only one unexceptional factor which indicates whether the risk has passed through the other side or still remains with it; that factor is reaching the aim. The aim has a composite nature, and preparing the last part of that nature allows reaching the goal; this is the main reason for transferring the risk of the thing. Thus, when the buyer’s aim from the contract is fulfilled, the risk of the goods will be transferred to him or her, and when the seller’s aim from the contract is met, the risk of the price will be transferred to him or her. Generally, the aim or the cause of the obligations should be defined as the acquirement of the property and the possession of the thing which is peaceful and useful for enjoying with security. Hence, each term will be separately analyzed by the theory of the cause of the obligations in the civil law of France, and we will name this totally new theory which defines the goal as a composite nature the theory of the spirit level of the risk. The international chamber of commerce (ICC) created a generally accepted set of terms named INCOTERMS 2020 which provides that the risk of the loss of or damage to the goods passes from the seller to the buyer when the seller has fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods. However, this rule is based on a false base, which causes numerous exceptions where the goods are delivered, but the risk remains on behalf of the seller. In this paper, we will prove that there is only one unexceptional factor which indicates whether the risk has passed through the other side or still remains with it; that factor is reaching the aim. The aim has a composite nature, and preparing the last part of that nature allows reaching the goal; this is the main reason for transferring the risk of the thing. Thus, when the buyer’s aim from the contract is fulfilled, the risk of the goods will be transferred to him or her, and when the seller’s aim from the contract is met, the risk of the price will be transferred to him or her. Generally, the aim or the cause of the obligations should be defined as the acquirement of the property and the possession of the thing which is peaceful and useful for enjoying with security. Hence, each term will be separately analyzed by the theory of the cause of the obligations in the civil law of France, and we will name this totally new theory which defines the goal as a composite nature the theory of the spirit level of the risk.
Law Studies
Mohsen Matour; Faysal Ameri
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between intellectual property (IP) rights and competition law in the context of technology transfer in the Iranian oil industry is a point this work discusses. While intellectual property rights enjoy a historical record and appropriate rules in this regard, the competition ...
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Understanding the interplay between intellectual property (IP) rights and competition law in the context of technology transfer in the Iranian oil industry is a point this work discusses. While intellectual property rights enjoy a historical record and appropriate rules in this regard, the competition rights in Iran are taking their initial steps. This imbalance stems from forming the legal system of oil in Iran based on contractual frameworks over time. The nagging problem to elaborate in this article is that technology transfer can be expected to occur when legal organizations concerning the relevant industries have already defined the type and purpose of technology transfer. Moreover, the general targeting in the upstream laws alone cannot meet the legal requirements for appropriate technology transfer. Therefore, when even one of the mentioned factors does not exist, one cannot expect constructive interaction in the above-mentioned legal systems.
Energy Management and Engineering
Hamid Hosseinzadeh Gohari; Mhamad Hashem Botshekan; Moslem Peymani Foroushani; Mohamad Javad Mohagheghnia
Abstract
One of the most critical bottlenecks in the country’s oil industry is the lack of sufficient liquidity and a suitable and codified method for financing projects in the downstream sector of Iran’s oil and gas industry. These projects include the construction of oil and gas refineries and petrochemical ...
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One of the most critical bottlenecks in the country’s oil industry is the lack of sufficient liquidity and a suitable and codified method for financing projects in the downstream sector of Iran’s oil and gas industry. These projects include the construction of oil and gas refineries and petrochemical plants. Oil and gas projects require a very high volume of investment, and the limited financial resources and insufficient attractiveness of the currently defined instruments do not meet the new investment needs of downstream projects to achieve the 1404 vision. Therefore, in this article, due to the novelty of the issue, numerous interviews were conducted with staff and operational managers and other relevant officials in the field of financing the downstream part of the oil and gas industry. Then, with the help of Maxqda software, all independent ideas in the form of concepts and sub-themes were identified. With the help of the Delphi method based on the process of Islamic financial engineering based on responding to existing needs by identifying the needs of the parties to the transaction, asset base, and related cash flow analysis, appropriate structured instrument in this sector were designed in six instruments. From experts and related tests, as well as analysis and comparison of their various risks by AHP using Expert Choice software, finally based on the tests performed on the results obtained from questionnaires and interviews of experts, structured financing instrument in the form of convertible securities parallel Istisna Sukuk–Lease (Ijarah) and Sukuk–stock was approved.
Law Studies
Mostafa Elsan; Mehdi YousefiChehreghani
Abstract
Foreign investment contracts are one of the major ways to absorb the technology in oil and gas industry. Studies show that governments and investing companies prefer to gain more profit and control economic resources and political influence by investing financially and technically in developing countries ...
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Foreign investment contracts are one of the major ways to absorb the technology in oil and gas industry. Studies show that governments and investing companies prefer to gain more profit and control economic resources and political influence by investing financially and technically in developing countries than to buy foreign technology and intellectual property rights directly. On the other hand, for developing countries, the sum of foreign capital and technology within a contract is a great opportunity for advancement provided that the technology transfer is chosen with due regard to the country’s needs, requirements, and economic future. In this work, after examining the relationship between investment and technology transfer and its various methods in oil and gas industry, we will analyze the constraints on and the barriers to technology transfer through foreign investment in developing countries, including Iran, and provide a solution.
Energy Management and Engineering
Khashayar Pourmohammadshahini; Mokhtar Ranjbar
Abstract
This research identifies decision-making styles and components of succession planning and examines their relationship.The statistical population (190 people) in the present survey research consists of Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ) Organization managers who were assessed using the Census Method. ...
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This research identifies decision-making styles and components of succession planning and examines their relationship.The statistical population (190 people) in the present survey research consists of Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ) Organization managers who were assessed using the Census Method. Scott and Bruce’s general decision-making questionnaire and Kim’s succession planning questionnaire were used with a response rate of 90%. Data was analyzed with the SPSS and Smart Planning softwares. In analyzing the obtained results, the dominant decision-making style is rational, followed respectively by the intuitive, dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous decision-making styles. By investigating succession planning capabilities, the results of the research showed that among items in the succession planning system, candidate evaluation ranked first, followed by policy setting, system evaluation, and candidate development respectively as the priorities of the statistical population. The research hypothesis based on a significant relationship between the decision-making styles and organizational succession planning capabilities was confirmed. In order to improve its human resources and bridge the gap with global standards, it is therefore proposed that the senior management of the organization take serious steps to implement the succession planning program. It is also recommended that other esteemed researchers carry out the present research again after the implementation of the succession planning program in the studied organization and compare the results before and after the implementation of the program.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Parastoo Boroomandfar; Alireza Daghighi Asli; Azadeh Mehrabian; Marjan Damankeshideh
Abstract
This paper analyzes the existence of an asymmetric causality relationship between the consumption of hydrocarbon products in four sectors: residential-commercial, manufacturing, agricultural, and transportation, and the economic growth of Iran during the years 1981-2017. To achieve this goal, the effect ...
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This paper analyzes the existence of an asymmetric causality relationship between the consumption of hydrocarbon products in four sectors: residential-commercial, manufacturing, agricultural, and transportation, and the economic growth of Iran during the years 1981-2017. To achieve this goal, the effect of positive and negative shocks of the mentioned variables is investigated using the asymmetric causality approach of Hatemi-J (2012). Research results suggest a two-way causal relationship between the positive shocks of economic growth and the consumption of carriers of hydrocarbons in all four residential-commercial, manufacturing, agricultural and transportation sectors. There is a two-way causal relationship between negative economic growth shocks and hydrocarbon carriers’ consumption in agriculture and transportation, and a one-way causal relationship between hydrocarbon energy carriers’ consumption and economic growth in the residential-commercial and industrial sectors. There is no causal relationship between non-directional shocks of hydrocarbon consumption and economic growth.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Ameneh Nadalizadeh; Kambiz Kiani; Shamseddin Hoseini; Kambiz Peykarjou
Abstract
It is generally believed that macroeconomic and financial performance in oil exporting countries is interlinked to oil price movements. Regarding that assumption, the present study aims to examine the impact of oil price movements on bank nonperforming loans (NPLs) ,as a criterion for evaluation of bank ...
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It is generally believed that macroeconomic and financial performance in oil exporting countries is interlinked to oil price movements. Regarding that assumption, the present study aims to examine the impact of oil price movements on bank nonperforming loans (NPLs) ,as a criterion for evaluation of bank credit risk, by applying the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) on data from 18 Iranian banks data over period 2006–2017. The result of the estimated model indicates that there is a significant relation between fluctuations of oil price and bank nonperforming loans; accordingly, any decrease in the price of oil will result in an increase in bank nonperforming loans. Also, in order to have comprehensive assessment, economic and bank specific control variables were used in the model. Findings show that the NPLs ratio increases as economic growth decreases and exchange rate and real interest rates rise. Among bank specific factors, equity ratio as a criterion for efficiency and loan growth has a negative effect on NPLs, but by raising bank industry concentration, credit risk and financial stability can be threatened. Thus, the reliance of oil rich economies on oil incomes leads to the linkage of oil prices, and macroeconomic and financial performance. Therefore, the result of this study will be useful in adapting and diversifying macroeconomic policies in the face of drastic changes in oil prices and mitigating its adverse effects.
Energy Management and Engineering
Khashayar Pourmohammadshahini; Mokhtar Ranjbar
Abstract
The present research seeks to assess the relationship between the Individual value system and decision-making styles. The statistical population (190 people) consists of Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ) Organization managers who were assessed using the Census Method. The Myers and Myers cognitive ...
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The present research seeks to assess the relationship between the Individual value system and decision-making styles. The statistical population (190 people) consists of Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ) Organization managers who were assessed using the Census Method. The Myers and Myers cognitive demographic and value systems questionnaire and Scott and Bruce’s decision-making questionnaire were used with a response rate of 90%.. Data was analyzed with the SPSS and Smart Planning softwares. It was found that the dominant Individual value system is success-oriented, followed respectively by system-oriented, realistic, tribal, community-oriented, and autocentric.Also, the dominant decision-making style in the statistical population is rational, followed by intuitive, dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous decision-making styles respectively. It was also concluded that success-oriented and tribal value systems had the most significant relationship with decision-making styles and the community-oriented value system the least. Only the individual variables of race (ethnicity) and field of study had a significant relationship with the Individual value system. The other personal and organizational variables had no significant relationship with the Individual value system. Creating motivation and a sense of employee participation in the future of the organization is proposed as the most important way of improving the value system of the statistical population so that the tendency to make spontaneous decisions can lean more towards making rational decisions to the same extent. Investigating the relationship between decision-making styles is another effective topic in improving these in an organization and is thus recommended to other researchers in the field.
Law Studies
Hamidreza Afshari; Abbas Kazemi Najafabadi; Ali Emami Meibodi; Nooshin Jabbari
Abstract
Iran's Ministry of Petroleum due to empowerment of Iranian companies for executing local mega projects, regional and international markets penetration and upgrading national technology in petroleum upstream industry, predicted a competent Iranian partner called Exploration and Production (E&P) companies, ...
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Iran's Ministry of Petroleum due to empowerment of Iranian companies for executing local mega projects, regional and international markets penetration and upgrading national technology in petroleum upstream industry, predicted a competent Iranian partner called Exploration and Production (E&P) companies, for cooperating with the International Oil Company (IOC) in Article Four of the Cabinet Approval. Now considering the absence of IOCs, it seems that the capacity of other oil contract models to be used by Iranian oil companies should be examined. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of Concession agreements’ execution, by an E&P company in Iran’s upstream industry. The research method is descriptive and analytical and governing laws of Iran are reviewed in this study. Since the host government makes the final decision on the conduct of oil operations, it cannot be described as domination of oil resources, and therefore does not seriously contradict the Iran’s Constitution. Furthermore, E&P companies will not be subject to Article 81 of the Constitution. In the Oil Laws, the only restriction on the inflow of foreign capital in the upstream industry of Iran has been observed, which again does not apply to E&P companies. In the Laws of the Five-Year Plans, this restriction of oil laws has been adjusted too much in which it seems that the restriction has also been removed for IOCs. Finally, the investigation shows that there are no major legal barriers in applying Concession agreement in case that the operator is an Iranian E&P company.