Accounting
Ali mohammad Ghanbari; Amin Pourfarzad
Abstract
Designation of incentive mechanisms to increase the speed of liquidity of receivables is one of the leading options for streamlining domestic resources in the field of oil and gas industry financing. The main objective of this research is to investigate and optimize the liquidity methods of gas sales ...
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Designation of incentive mechanisms to increase the speed of liquidity of receivables is one of the leading options for streamlining domestic resources in the field of oil and gas industry financing. The main objective of this research is to investigate and optimize the liquidity methods of gas sales receivables in line with the requirements of the National Iranian Gas Company. After a deep review of literature, we extract methods and legal platforms for receivables liquidation methods. The current research is an applied and descriptive-analytical research in terms of its purpose and methodology. The data analysis is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and required data for this study including the amounts and duration of deferred receivables by different categories of subscribers of the NIGC during 2012 to 2018. Subsequently, in order to visualize the data in the form of heat tables, Microsoft's Business Intelligence software is applied to understand the process of creating and settlement of receivables, cluster receivables by the different categories of subscription and, finally, reveal the subscriber behavior patterns in disbursements. Finally, using theoretical foundations and experts' opinions, a set of optimal methods has been recommended to accelerate the process of collecting current receivables, depending on the behavior of different groups of subscribers. Based on the results of the interviews, NIGC should apply IT-based methods, incentive policies and deterrent (punitive) strategies to accelerate the liquidation of receivables in household and commercial subscription.
Energy Management and Engineering
Mehran Rezvani; Samineh Soltanzadeh
Abstract
Internationalization of businesses is considered as a key factor in economic development and growth of the economic entities. On the other hand, the ability of the system in terms of endurance and reliability is inevitably dependent on the success that the system gains in communicating with the external ...
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Internationalization of businesses is considered as a key factor in economic development and growth of the economic entities. On the other hand, the ability of the system in terms of endurance and reliability is inevitably dependent on the success that the system gains in communicating with the external environment; in other words, the sustainability of the system entirely depends on the system capability in terms of adaptation and responsiveness to the environment. Furthermore, technology-based businesses are highly dynamic and use different internationalization patterns. A literature review shows that comprehensive studies have not been conducted despite the necessity of today’s businesses to move toward sustainable internationalization. Therefore, this research examines the existing patterns by presenting a model of sustainable internationalization in technology-based businesses. In the present study, six technology-based businesses in oil and gas industry have been investigated using a multi-case interview method. The validity and reliability of the data collection tools have been confirmed. The results of the interviews performed during the two coding stages revealed that economic, environmental, social, and technological factors are among the factors influencing the adoption of sustainable business internationalization strategies along with a focus on a sustainable business model. This study also presents different types of sustainable internationalization strategies and classifies the sustainability index of internationalization under two categories of profitability and sustainability of the relationships in the network.
Accounting
Abbas Alimoradi; Najme Rajabdorry
Abstract
Though it is generally accepted that information asymmetry has an impact on capital structure policy, the nature of the information asymmetry is not well understood. Recent theoretical works and empirical evidences suggest that financing choice depends upon the information asymmetry about investment ...
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Though it is generally accepted that information asymmetry has an impact on capital structure policy, the nature of the information asymmetry is not well understood. Recent theoretical works and empirical evidences suggest that financing choice depends upon the information asymmetry about investment risk of the particular use of funds (Halov & Heider, 2012) (Rao, Mohanty, & Baxamusa, 2015). Consistent with this view, we analyzed the data gathered among 199 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2009-2016 by The Multiple Linear Regressions in order to test research’s hypotheses have been applied. We also examined the influence of Petrochemical industry on that relationship. The findings show that equity is used to fund projects with greater information asymmetry about their risk such as intangible assets and capital expenditure, while debt is used to fund investments with lower information asymmetry about their risk such as liquidity enhancement. We also found that the membership in petrochemical industry has no effect on the intangible assets and cash holding’s financing method, but concerning with capital expenditure and working capital the impact is significantly negative.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Seyyed Abdollah Razavi; Shohreh Pirani
Abstract
The United States is the world's first producer and consumer of oil and play a special role in international oil market relations. In a sense, due to the differences in the energy programs of the parties of this country, we will see significant changes in the international energy markets. The Trump's ...
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The United States is the world's first producer and consumer of oil and play a special role in international oil market relations. In a sense, due to the differences in the energy programs of the parties of this country, we will see significant changes in the international energy markets. The Trump's economic thinking in business field is based on the neo-mercantilist while the Democrats believe in global and multilateral trade. The most important energy policies of the Republican Party are the development and expansion of fossil fuel production, increasing the share of the oil market, lifting environmental restrictions, confronting OPEC, and unilateralism in the oil and gas trade. In contrast, the Democrats' most important plans in the US election are to return to the Paris Agreement and re-impose environmental restrictions, reduce oil production through legal sanctions such as taxes, expand renewable energy and use financial resources to manage the oil market and trade convergence. The main question of this article is what effect do US parties energy programs have on the oil market? The method of this research is a qualitative in a descriptive-analytical manner using desk research.
Energy Management and Engineering
Sayyed Abolfazl Hosseini Moghaddam; Mohammad Reza Mehregan; Mehdi Shamizanjani
Abstract
Supply chains have experienced rapid growth in recent years. Focusing purely on economic performance so as to optimize costs or return on capital can no longer guarantee development or sustainability in the chain. Hence, the concepts of green supply chain management and sustainable supply chain management ...
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Supply chains have experienced rapid growth in recent years. Focusing purely on economic performance so as to optimize costs or return on capital can no longer guarantee development or sustainability in the chain. Hence, the concepts of green supply chain management and sustainable supply chain management emerged to emphasize the importance of social and environmental concerns along with economic factors in supply chain programming. Using the system dynamics method and considering knowledge management, this study investigates the variables related to this topic and the variables of sustainable supply chain management, and it determines the relationships between these variables and their impact on the research purpose. To achieve this, first, previous studies are reviewed, and the relevant variables are extracted and finalized according to the experts. Next, a system dynamics model is designed, and various scenarios are defined by changing the effective values of the system. Eventually, several policies are presented to achieve the optimal situation. The optimal values of the ten main influential variables are extracted according to the expert opinion, and the effects revealed by the model are determined by these changes.
Accounting
Ali mohammad Ghanbari; Hamid Jamshidi
Abstract
Stock price prediction is one of the crucial concepts in finance area. Machine learning can provide the opportunity for traders and investors to predict stock prices more accurately. In this paper, Closing Price is dependent variable and First Price, Last Price, Opening Price, Today’s High, Today’s ...
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Stock price prediction is one of the crucial concepts in finance area. Machine learning can provide the opportunity for traders and investors to predict stock prices more accurately. In this paper, Closing Price is dependent variable and First Price, Last Price, Opening Price, Today’s High, Today’s Low, Volume, Total Index of Tehran Stock Exchange, Brent Index, WTI Index and Exchange Rate are independent variables. Seven different machine learning algorithms are implemented to predict stock prices. Those include Bayesian Linear, Boosted Tree, Decision Forest, Neural Network, Support Vector, and Ensemble Regression. The sample of the study is fifteen oil and gas companies active in the Tehran Stock Exchange. For each stock the data from the September 23, 2017 to September 23, 2019 gathered. Each algorithm provided two metrics for performance: Root Mean Square Error and Mean Absolute Error. By comparing the aforementioned metrics, the Bayesian Linear Regression had the best performance to predict stock price in the oil and gas industry in the Tehran Stock Exchange.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Zahra Mahdavi Sabet; Mohammad ali Abdolvand; Kambiz Heidarzadeh; Mohsen Khounsiavash
Abstract
Organizations enter international competitive markets because of different motivations such as gaining international fame, long-term growth, increasing profitability, taking advantage of economies of scale, maturing domestic market, the intensity of competition in a domestic market, governmental rules ...
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Organizations enter international competitive markets because of different motivations such as gaining international fame, long-term growth, increasing profitability, taking advantage of economies of scale, maturing domestic market, the intensity of competition in a domestic market, governmental rules and regulations. However, all of the companies aim to export performance improvement. According to the oil industry situation in Iran’s vision, the 4th paragraph of general energy policies and, not having a comprehensive model of Iran’s oil products’ export performance, this research could improve and develop this industry in international markets. This research method is phenomenology, and statistical society includes export and marketing managers and experts in the oil industry. Non-probability sampling and snowball sampling methods were used in this research. A semi-structured depth interview was used to gather information for this qualitative research, and seven in-depth interviews were done regarding the saturated rule. Structure, internal, interpretive, and descriptive validity were used for the validation. For surveying reliability, revision while coding and surveying by another informed person was employed to ensure correct coding. After open, axial, selective coding, and using ATLAS.ti qualitative software, suggested antecedents of Iranian oil products’ export performance include market orientation, company resources, marketing mix, and macro environment. The items of Iranian oil products’ export performance include financial performance, customer satisfaction, and customer retention. Most previous studies have focused on positivism and quantitative research methodology, while we used the qualitative method
Accounting
Ali Habibi; Farzaneh Heidarpoor; Afsaneh Tavangar Hamzeh Kolaie
Abstract
With the increasing competitiveness of the capital market, one topic attracting the attention of many financial researchers in recent years is the formation of abnormal stock returns as a stimulus for restructuring companies due to the difference between actual returns and expected (normal) returns. ...
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With the increasing competitiveness of the capital market, one topic attracting the attention of many financial researchers in recent years is the formation of abnormal stock returns as a stimulus for restructuring companies due to the difference between actual returns and expected (normal) returns. It can motivate investment in the capital market. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the reasons for the formation of abnormal stock returns on the content of the autopoietic restructuring theory of companies operating in the petrochemical industry in the capital market. In this study, to identify the components (reasons for the formation of abnormal stock returns) and research propositions (content themes of corporate autopoietic restructuring theory), a combined analysis was used with 15 accounting experts at the university level. In the quantitative part, the components and propositions identified in matrix questionnaires were evaluated by the interpretive ranking process (IRP) by 20 financial managers of capital market petrochemical companies. The results showed that the most compelling reason for the formation of abnormal stock returns is the institutional and regulatory causes of the stock market, which has the most significant impact on the dimension of the autopoietic restructuring strategy of petrochemical companies. In other words, institutional and regulatory changes in the stock market by upstream institutions will be able to influence the restructuring process to match the content with the structural process (the autopoietic approach).
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Reza Ashtari; Maryam Darvishi; Ghasem Bakhshandeh; Mohammad Hemati
Abstract
Considering the limited resources available, firms must rank their most distinctive capabilities in order to succeed in entering international markets. This research aimed at prioritizing transnational capabilities including marketing, managerial, human resources, production, financial, logistics, research ...
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Considering the limited resources available, firms must rank their most distinctive capabilities in order to succeed in entering international markets. This research aimed at prioritizing transnational capabilities including marketing, managerial, human resources, production, financial, logistics, research and development, quality and standards and consultation and interaction with the government affecting on the entry of the Iranian steel pipe manufacturers producing gas and oil transit steel pipes into international markets. The study population consisted of experts and procurement, business and marketing managers of the 8 biggest oil and gas steel pipe manufacturers working in Iran. Two pair-wise comparison questionnaires employed to collect the required data. Fuzzy Decision Making Trial & Error Laboratory (FDEMATEL) and Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP) techniques used to analyze the data. The results revealed that the marketing (Net Weight=0.225) and human resources (Net Weight =0.035) capabilities attained the highest and lowest priorities, respectively. The paper is sharing the value creation by presenting a potential process including systematic techniques for ranking transnational capabilities to enter the international markets considering the competitive environment.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Mahdieh Nejatollahi; Reza Tajarlou; Abdolhossein Shiravi
Abstract
In spite of decades from its establishment, National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) has failed to get the reputation of a prosperous international company. This failure may be due to different reasons but the role of directors in the success of the company is undeniable. How to have efficient directors and ...
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In spite of decades from its establishment, National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) has failed to get the reputation of a prosperous international company. This failure may be due to different reasons but the role of directors in the success of the company is undeniable. How to have efficient directors and therefore a strong board of directors is a challenge that in its response is raised the concept of Good Corporate Governance that by crushing this concept, It will be applied it in the process of appointment directors. The research intends to scrutinize and describe the process of board of directors' appointment from Good Corporate Governance point of view, identifying NIOC advantages and disadvantages thereof. It was found that some indicators of Good Corporate Governance principles such as specialized diversity of board composition are desirable and minimum competencies are less and there is no independent managers criteria. At first hereto, the process is described in three sections: appointment entity, board qualifications and nomination process and following is brought its analysis by using descriptive-analytic method. In conclusion, suggestions are made in regards with enhancing standards of NIOC Good Corporate Governance about board of directors' appointment .
Energy Management and Engineering
Mohammad Babaei; Assadollah Mehrara; Mehrdad Matani; Mohammad Reza Bagherzadeh
Abstract
Todays, the issue of environmental instability and destructive environmental behavior can leave many irreparable effects and damage on future ecosystems and the lives of future generations. Method: This study aimed to present an environmental model of sustainable development in the Iranian gas industry. ...
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Todays, the issue of environmental instability and destructive environmental behavior can leave many irreparable effects and damage on future ecosystems and the lives of future generations. Method: This study aimed to present an environmental model of sustainable development in the Iranian gas industry. The present study used a qualitative with grounded theory method. In-depth interviews were conducted with 25 academic experts (professors of public administration and environmental engineering at universities in Mazandaran province) and the heads of the National Iranian Gas Company in five regions of Iran using the "rich information" sampling method. Results: The results indicated that the environmental model of sustainable development in the Iranian gas industry had 15 dimensions in terms of causal conditions. 1. Services, 2. Safety and health requirements, 3. Social responsibility, (context condition) 4. Education and learning, 5. Acculturalization, 6. Managers' attitude and awareness (intervening conditions) 7. Contractors, 8. Technical facilities and equipment, 9. Technology and technical operations (Strategy) 10. Medium and long term policies of the Ministry of Energy, 11. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of project progress, 12. Consumption management programs, 13. Pollutants management programs and consequences 14. Improved environmental performance of the gas company and 15. Moving towards sustainable development. Conclusion: Since the gas industry is one of the most polluting industries and the lack of attention to environmental issues in this huge industry will lead the Iranian environment to very serious and perhaps irreparable crises, using the environmental model of sustainable development in this industry seems highly important and necessary.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Mohamad Nasr Esfahani; Ehsan Rasoulinezhad
Abstract
The challenge of environmental pollution and climate change have made countries to develop energy transition progress to move from non-renewable energy sources towards renewable ones. This paper seeks to consider energy transformation process and analyze its pattern in Iran by modeling through the ARDL ...
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The challenge of environmental pollution and climate change have made countries to develop energy transition progress to move from non-renewable energy sources towards renewable ones. This paper seeks to consider energy transformation process and analyze its pattern in Iran by modeling through the ARDL bounding testing method over the period of 1993-2018. The empirical estimations depicted that in the long-run economic growth and inflation rate negatively impact on energy transformation of Iran, while increase in carbon dioxide emissions and appreciation of Iran’s national currency accelerate the energy transition process in Iran. Regarding the short-run relationship, the major results represented an evidence of positive impact of exchange rate on Iran’s energy transition process, while the other variables have negative coefficient. As a major concluding remark, for the case of Iran, the findings prove that the influential impacts of explanatory variables on energy transformation are stronger in long-run rather than in short-run. Therefore, the presence of efficient long-run energy planning is recommended.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Ghasemali Bazaee; Mohammadali Hassani; Ashraf Shahmansouri
Abstract
Currently, blockchain in the oil and gas industry is still at the experimental stage, and many people in the oil and gas industry do not acknowledge this technology. Blockchain technology can bring many opportunities, such as reducing transaction business costs and increasing transparency to the ...
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Currently, blockchain in the oil and gas industry is still at the experimental stage, and many people in the oil and gas industry do not acknowledge this technology. Blockchain technology can bring many opportunities, such as reducing transaction business costs and increasing transparency to the oil and gas industry. However, due to the blockchain being an emerging technology, organizations need to investigate the maturity stages to increase this technology's readiness and adoption. The capability Maturity Model (CMM) is one of the common models in information technology. This model is widely adopted as a public maturity model in business processes, industry, and IS / IT organizations. The blockchain technology maturity model is classified into five levels of emerging, identified, defined, operational and mature to identify the applications of this technology toward flourishing and providing the ultimate solution to most of the organization's problems. Therefore, this qualitative research has been designed to identify maturity levels to provide a conceptual model of maturity levels of blockchain technology in grounded theory. First, the initial factors extracted through reviewing the research background; then, by conducting semi-structured interviews with 12 blockchain technology experts, the data were collected. It is noted that the interview was stopped as the duplicated and identical data, based on grounded theory research strategy The meanings and characteristics of the blockchain maturity model challenges presented in three stages of coding: identification, classification, and finally, create the research model.The reliability of the interviews has confirmed by the reliability methods of Test-Retest and intra-subject agreement. The results of data analysis indicate that experts at the emerging level to primary educating and technology monitoring, at the identified level, to recognize the applications of this technology and regulation, at the defined level, to develop a roadmap, proof of concept (POC), and Feasibility, At the operational level, the stakeholder resistance, and at the matured level, the entry new members, the consortium, and increasing attention to maturity requirements, is spotlight with more frequency than other indicators and elements.Keywords:Blockchain, Blockchain capability maturity model, Blockchain maturity levels Currently, blockchain in the oil and gas industry is still at the experimental stage, and many people in the oil and gas industry do not acknowledge this technology. Blockchain technology can bring many opportunities, such as reducing transaction business costs and increasing transparency to the oil and gas industry. However, due to the blockchain being an emerging technology, organizations need to investigate the maturity stages to increase this technology's readiness and adoption. The capability Maturity Model (CMM) is one of the common models in information technology. This model is widely adopted as a public maturity model in business processes, industry, and IS / IT organizations. The blockchain technology maturity model is classified into five levels of emerging, identified, defined, operational and mature to identify the applications of this technology toward flourishing and providing the ultimate solution to most of the organization's problems. Therefore, this qualitative research has been designed to identify maturity levels to provide a conceptual model of maturity levels of blockchain technology in grounded theory. First, the initial factors extracted through reviewing the research background; then, by conducting semi-structured interviews with 12 blockchain technology experts, the data were collected. It is noted that the interview was stopped as the duplicated and identical data, based on grounded theory research strategy The meanings and characteristics of the blockchain maturity model challenges presented in three stages of coding: identification, classification, and finally, create the research model.The reliability of the interviews has confirmed by the reliability methods of Test-Retest and intra-subject agreement. The results of data analysis indicate that experts at the emerging level to primary educating and technology monitoring, at the identified level, to recognize the applications of this technology and regulation, at the defined level, to develop a roadmap, proof of concept (POC), and Feasibility, At the operational level, the stakeholder resistance, and at the matured level, the entry new members, the consortium, and increasing attention to maturity requirements, is spotlight with more frequency than other indicators and elements. Received: 23 August 2020Revised: 03 September 2020Accepted: 14 September2020
Accounting
Yassaman Khalili; Keramatollah Heydari Rostami; Vahid Omidi
Abstract
One of the most important factors that investors pay attention to in stock markets is stock price fluctuations, which is the basis for evaluating the performance of company managers. The performance of the company's stock includes the yield from the resources under the company's control and is considered ...
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One of the most important factors that investors pay attention to in stock markets is stock price fluctuations, which is the basis for evaluating the performance of company managers. The performance of the company's stock includes the yield from the resources under the company's control and is considered a suitable criterion for reaching the set goals. In the meantime, one of the things that influenced widely on the world financial markets is the outbreak of the 2019 Covid-19 epidemic. The Covid-19 pandemic is known as a black swan event since it was a rare, unexpected, unknown phenomenon with a high and universal impact. Therefore, the current research purpose is to investigate the fluctuations in the stock prices of petrochemical industry companies affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. For this purpose, 19 petrochemical companies of Tehran stock exchange were studied between 2017 to 2022. The data gathered daily and included 19 petrochemical companies in 220 working days for 5 years. The results showed that the shock caused by the growth of the corona virus initially caused a decrease in price volatility in petrochemical companies, but after two periods, the reaction of price volatility to the shock was positive. Finally, the shock effect disappeared after seven cycles.
Law Studies
Javad kashanei; Mohsen Matour; Faysal Ameri
Abstract
the formation of the current legal system is a function and is influenced by a basic element called time. An element that influences not only the formation of the legal system, but also its evolution.so, the legal system in the Iranian oil industry began with a contract and not with the legislation of ...
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the formation of the current legal system is a function and is influenced by a basic element called time. An element that influences not only the formation of the legal system, but also its evolution.so, the legal system in the Iranian oil industry began with a contract and not with the legislation of a law. In relation to the term "contractual framework", it seems necessary to explain that the contractual framework refers to the criteria which give the contracts such a feature that it distinguishes that contract and similar contracts from other contracts concluded in that field. What were these contracts? How did they form the legal system of the Iranian oil industry? What has been their impact on technology transfer in the oil industry? These are some of the questions that will be addressed in this work. Disappointment with the framework of previous agreements (concession agreements), along with socio-political contexts such as the nationalization of the oil industry, led to a re-examination of this industry's contract frameworks in the light of past experiences, better future benefits and national independence and sovereignty. But how successful it was, that is another matter. Because the oil companies did not simply want to transfer the maximum benefits to the countries with oil resources, and used the dependence of those countries to their industry as a tactic against this trend as much as possible. Therefore, the structure of contracts governing the oil industry should be considered as a result of this conflict of interests.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Yashar Hashemi; Mohammad Mahdi Hajian; Ghasem Aghaei
Abstract
The supply of natural gas in energy exchanges has emerged as a significant aspect of the global energy landscape since the 1990s, requiring the establishment of appropriate trading platforms. In Iran, it was envisioned the sale of up to ten billion cubic meters of natural gas following the approval ...
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The supply of natural gas in energy exchanges has emerged as a significant aspect of the global energy landscape since the 1990s, requiring the establishment of appropriate trading platforms. In Iran, it was envisioned the sale of up to ten billion cubic meters of natural gas following the approval of the budget law of 1400 (2021). However, despite these projections, no offerings were made on the Iran Energy Exchange (IRENEX) due to various challenges. This research aims to identify the essential prerequisites for gas supply in energy exchanges using a systematic review approach and subsequently analyze these prerequisites within the context of Iran's gas market. The findings of this study reveal that while the technical prerequisites for such transactions are presently available, significant strides are needed in terms of legal and structural aspects. Notably, challenges arise from the presence of long-term contracts between the National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC) and neighboring countries, the monopolization of the country's natural gas industry's value chain by state-owned enterprises, incomplete unbundling of the mentioned chain, limited third-party access to pipelines and storage facilities, gas supply with subsidized tariffs, and the absence of a comprehensive law governing the integration of Iran's natural gas market. Overcoming these obstacles is imperative for enabling natural gas supply in the IRENEX and successfully implementing the gas supply program. Policy makers must carefully address these prerequisites to foster a conducive environment for gas trading within the energy exchange and pave the way for its effective implementation.
Ghasem Bolu; Touraj Jahan-Ara
Abstract
The enforced international limitations and sanctions against Iran have affected all stages of natural gas extraction from gas reservoirs. In this study, the effects of various situations on natural gas extraction from the Iranian operating oil reservoirs have been examined. Thus, this study aimed to ...
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The enforced international limitations and sanctions against Iran have affected all stages of natural gas extraction from gas reservoirs. In this study, the effects of various situations on natural gas extraction from the Iranian operating oil reservoirs have been examined. Thus, this study aimed to study the role and effects of imposed international sanctions on Iran’s gas extraction and production. Outcome of the study provides appropriate solutions to recognize such situation and cope with the resulting circumstances. Regarding methodology of the research, quantitative data were collected and analyzed by using the statistical panel model. Results show that gas extraction from natural gas reservoirs has been decreased significantly in the period of international sanctions and limitations were imposed. To achieve the previous desired gas extraction level according to the initial developing plans and the existing potentials as well as to be able to cope with hardship of international circumstances, it is necessary to improve implementation system of the respective projects, attain technological knowledge and take serious steps towards resilient economy to enhance the domestic abilities through knowledge-based advancement especially in producing strategic equipment and goods required by such a large scale projects while the existing internal rules and regulations should be reformed and be more flexible.
Sara Shariat; Fariborz Dortaj; Abbas Abbaspour; Ali Delavar; Esmaeel Sadipour
Abstract
The aim of the current research is to explore a strategist developing model based on a mixed method for National Iranian Oil Company. This study is an exploratory and applied research, and it methodologically uses mixed methods. In the qualitative part, which is based on a data theory approach, the required ...
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The aim of the current research is to explore a strategist developing model based on a mixed method for National Iranian Oil Company. This study is an exploratory and applied research, and it methodologically uses mixed methods. In the qualitative part, which is based on a data theory approach, the required data were gathered by means of semi-structured interviews. The participants involved in the study were 24 industrial and academic experts. After collecting the data, they were encoded, and necessary measurements were then taken to determine dimensions, main categories, subcategories, and relevant concepts related to our coding system. Having gained a coded table which was pivot and selective, finally, the goodness of the fit of the paradigmatic research model was developed (n=320). Quantitative analyses were performed by means of SPSS 24 and Lisrel 9.30 software. The qualitative findings of this study included 11 main categories, 24 subcategories, and 98 concepts. The concepts which were related to development strategists included causative factors (individual factors, organizational factors, and discourses); the category of central strategic thinking (conceptual and organizational thinking, foresight, and philosophical attitudes); obstructive factors (both inter organizational and intra organizational factors); contextual factors (cultural context, psychological factors, and organizational independence); strategies to identify the talents, to attract them, and to retain them; the outcomes of the establishment of monitoring system; strategic thinking; and the process of developing experts in our oil company. Our findings resulted in discovering a pattern to develop experts in oil industry.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Hamidreza Arbab; Ali Emami Meibodi; Mahdieh Haghpanahan
Abstract
The present study tries to find out the effect of energy consumption on economic growth and emission through applying non-linear framework, the smooth transition regression model, and threshold regression TAR by using the data from1969 to 2017. The results of empirical frameworks indicate that the economic ...
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The present study tries to find out the effect of energy consumption on economic growth and emission through applying non-linear framework, the smooth transition regression model, and threshold regression TAR by using the data from1969 to 2017. The results of empirical frameworks indicate that the economic growth is gradually affected by energy consumption and STR model demonstrates the dynamics. However, the changes in energy consumption on emission has taken place faster and the parametric changes have been more severe. In both states, there is one model which consists of two regimes. In this model, the fossil fuel energy consumption growth variable is selected as transition or threshold variable which is optimal model. The fossil fuel energy consumption variable is considered as a policy variable which in both frameworks have been selected in 12 percent level. The results of TAR model revealed that in high regime of fossil fuel consumption, the first lag of fossil fuel consumption and the logarithm of population have impact on emission and in high regime of low fossil fuel consumption, the fist lag on variable growth of fossil fuel consumption and electricity have impact on emission. Also, the results of TAR model indicated that the electricity energy consumption growth in low regime, the growth in electricity consumption and first lag investment affect the economic growth. The fossil fuel consumption in high regime, the growth variables of fossil fuel consumption and investment have impact on the economic growth.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Mohammad Ali Motafakker Aazad; Reza Ranjpour; Mohsen Pourebadolahan; Mehdi Asali; Seied Taher Partovi Alanagh
Abstract
Currently, distribution of various types of petroleum products is performed exclusively by the government. The high price of land in metropolitan cities, lack of incentive for the private sector to invest in construction of filling station due to the low-income, have caused filling stations to be insufficiently ...
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Currently, distribution of various types of petroleum products is performed exclusively by the government. The high price of land in metropolitan cities, lack of incentive for the private sector to invest in construction of filling station due to the low-income, have caused filling stations to be insufficiently available. One of the solutions to overcome this obstacle is to use the ability of the private sector for distribution of petroleum products. To reduce the government's ownership, the market structure for petroleum products distribution in the country needs to be changed. This change should be firstly done gradually and step by step, and secondly, the government has to monitor this issue at various stages. In this study, three stages are proposed for the market restructuring of the petroleum products distribution in the country, and the conditions and requirements for each stage are separately identified. For the private fuel distributing companies, the most important problem is the economic issue and having profit. On the other hand, since the product price is still subsidized in the country, therefore, it is indispensable that the amount of commission fee should be determined in such a way that the activity for private companies is economically justified. In this study, the amount of products commision fee is calculated concerning capital and operatational expenditures, using the engineering economics method in different situations by COMFAR version 3 software.
Accounting
Ali Najafi Moghaddam; Manijeh Ramsheh
Abstract
Overconfident managers, who tend to overestimate their capabilities, underestimate the possibility and impact of side effects in projects. The purpose of this study is to review the effect of managerial overconfidence on research and development expenditures and the moderating effect of firm value and ...
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Overconfident managers, who tend to overestimate their capabilities, underestimate the possibility and impact of side effects in projects. The purpose of this study is to review the effect of managerial overconfidence on research and development expenditures and the moderating effect of firm value and liquidity on this relationship. For this purpose 51 companies were chosen from oil/gas, and petrochemical Companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2012-2017. This research, within three basic hypotheses, is analyzed by Eviews software and shows that managerial overconfidence has positive effect on research and development. Company liquidity has direct effect on relationship between managerial overconfidence and R&D, but firm value has no meaningful effect on the relationship between managerial overconfidence and R&D. Keywords: managerial overconfidence, R&D, liquidity, firm value
Accounting
Ghasem Bolou; Touraj Jahanara
Abstract
Projects are affected by many internal and external factors. Such factors could be initiated domestically or internationally. The South Pars is a mega gas field in Iran which requires billions of dollars for development and gas extraction. Its development has taken a rather long time and gone through ...
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Projects are affected by many internal and external factors. Such factors could be initiated domestically or internationally. The South Pars is a mega gas field in Iran which requires billions of dollars for development and gas extraction. Its development has taken a rather long time and gone through many challenges over the last two decades; due to several challenges, especially international barriers.In this research, the effects of sanctions on the expenditurs ofselected activities in developing of pars field between internal and foreign contractors is investigated. The main purpose of this research is to calculate the cost of selected activities of South Pars phases and compare the performance of internal contractors in sanctions conditions with foreign contractors in non-sanctions conditions.For this purpose, 18 activities which were similar in all of South Pars contracts,were selected.In these three sections, after applying relative indexes,global inflation, and technology by using inferential statistics, the total cost were considered among internal and foreign contractors. Based on the statistical analysis,there was no significant difference between the expenditures of selected activities performed by internal contractors and foreign contractors Under sanctions.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Ali Porseshbin; Mohammadreza Bagherzadeh; Assadollah Mehrara; Yousof Gholi Pourkanani
Abstract
The present study aimed to provide an inter-organizational cooperation management model in oil companies in the Pars Energy Special Economic Zone. This study was conducted in two stages: conceptual research framework design and validation. The first part included the senior managers of oil companies ...
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The present study aimed to provide an inter-organizational cooperation management model in oil companies in the Pars Energy Special Economic Zone. This study was conducted in two stages: conceptual research framework design and validation. The first part included the senior managers of oil companies in the Pars Energy Special Economic Zone, and 10 subjects were selected as the sample. In the second part, the population included all employees, from whom 116 samples were selected. After identifying the components, indicators, and criteria, the Delphi questionnaire and a 5-point Likert scale were used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the CVR index and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, while its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Data analysis was performed using the Delphi technique, one-sample t-test, and structural equation modeling in SPSS and Lisrel statistical software. The results identified four dimensions, 17 components, and 63 indicators for the inter-organizational cooperation management model in the Pars Energy Special Economic Zone oil companies. Environmental, cultural, organizational, and leadership style dimensions are the dimensions of inter-organizational cooperation management in oil companies in the Pars Energy Special Economic Zone. Such factors are the most significant among the identified dimensions of environmental dimension with a load factor of 0.99, cultural dimension with a load factor of 0.82, organizational dimension with a load factor of 0.79, and a leadership style dimension load factor of 0.89 respectively than other dimensions to the concept of inter-organizational cooperation management model in oil companies in the Pars Energy Special Economic Zone. The results indicated that designing the inter-organizational cooperation management model is divided into four environmental, leadership, cultural, and organizational dimensions. The environmental dimension includes political, business process, economic, developmental, legal, and technology, and the cultural dimension includes the components of conflict management, information sharing, participation, and commitment. The organizational dimension consists of the components of philosophy, processes, coordination, and strategy, and the leadership style dimension encompasses the components of collaborative leadership, multidisciplinary decision-making, and adaptation to management style
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Azadeh Dabbaghi; Maryam Dehghan
Abstract
Strategic management contexts usually define a couple of activities, including preparing a mission statement, which is one of the essential parts in developing the strategic plan of an organization. Numerous researches in the strategic management literature have expressed the attributes of an effectively ...
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Strategic management contexts usually define a couple of activities, including preparing a mission statement, which is one of the essential parts in developing the strategic plan of an organization. Numerous researches in the strategic management literature have expressed the attributes of an effectively written mission statement for a firm in general. Although the corporate mission statement and its components vary from industry to industry, none of the researchers have specifically studied the components of a corporate mission statement in the petroleum industry. In this study, the general components of the corporate mission statement were extracted and listed based on the literature review of strategic management. Then, the most important components of the corporate mission statement specific to the petroleum industry were selected using the industry experts’ opinions. The grey systems theory was utilized to aggregate the expert judgments that are qualitative in nature. Fourteen components of corporate mission statement in the petroleum industry were selected as the research results. Whether developing a new business or reformulating direction for an ongoing company in the petroleum industry, these specific components should be included in the content of the corporate mission statement.
Accounting
Mohsen Rashidi
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of comparability and environmental uncertainty on the expected rate of return. The current study utilizes panel regression method estimator to investigate the relationship between comparability, environmental uncertainty, and the expected rate of ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of comparability and environmental uncertainty on the expected rate of return. The current study utilizes panel regression method estimator to investigate the relationship between comparability, environmental uncertainty, and the expected rate of return of 500 firm-year observations in oil, gas, and petrochemical firms listed in Iran Securities and Stock Exchanges for the period of 2009 to 2018. The results show that the comparability and uncertainty have a significant effect on the expected rate of return. In other words, the expected rate of return is a function of comparability, and it varies at different levels of comparability.
