Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Ali Esmaeili Ardakani; Maryam Ahmadpour; Shirin Haddad
Abstract
Understanding the oil policies of Beijing and New Delhi as the main actors on the energy market of the Middle East is paramount for the main oil producing countries. By carrying out a comparative analysis of variables in the Delhi-Beijing oil policies in the Middle East, the present article will ask ...
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Understanding the oil policies of Beijing and New Delhi as the main actors on the energy market of the Middle East is paramount for the main oil producing countries. By carrying out a comparative analysis of variables in the Delhi-Beijing oil policies in the Middle East, the present article will ask the question of how domestic, regional, and international variables are affecting the Chinese and Indian oil policies in this region. The authors have compared the following key variables in answer to this question: the legal structure and decision-making process, self-sufficiency levels, geopolitical position towards the Middle East, oil diplomacy, the role of technology, and the international economic-political position of the two countries. The findings of the article show that the government in Beijing has formulated its oil policy using a single, specific decision-making body in the energy sector. It has relied on expanding multilateral ties with other countries, long-term investments, long-term loans, expanding pipelines for energy transfer, and long-term contracts to deepen its relations with oil rich countries, in particular those in West Asia. India, on the other hand, has based its diplomacy on short-term economic contracts and situation analysis and needs assessment. It is, however, clear that both countries will continue to depend on oil from the Middle East in the medium-term despite the threat of US sanctions.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Ali Esmaeili Ardakani; Morteza Shokri; Faramarz Tamanna Shakeri
Abstract
Currently, the global community is on the threshold of a transition from fossil fuels as a result of transformations such as climate change, entailing the strict implementation of carbon setoff policies and quick progress in green technologies. A transition to clean, low-carbon energies will not only ...
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Currently, the global community is on the threshold of a transition from fossil fuels as a result of transformations such as climate change, entailing the strict implementation of carbon setoff policies and quick progress in green technologies. A transition to clean, low-carbon energies will not only disrupt the global energy system, it will also impact the global economy and political dynamism within and without all states. Based on these transformations, the present article asks the question of how the energy transition will impact the geopolitical future of the global oil economy. The authors hypothesize the following in answer to this question: Given the superior, more advanced position of economic powers such as China and the US in clean energy technologies, we are likely to witness the weakening of traditional oil powers in a post-carbon world, such as the Middle East and North African countries (MENA) and Russia; in contrast, the balance of power will tilt heavily towards current energy consumers. Technology-savvy countries have the knowledge to reproduce and stabilize their power in the global economy. The traditional countries of the energy sector, however, face shortfalls in their infrastructure and modern technologies and will lose their geopolitical position to a large extent.
Oil and Gas Economics and Management
Seyyed Abdollah Razavi; Shohreh Pirani
Abstract
The United States is the world's first producer and consumer of oil and play a special role in international oil market relations. In a sense, due to the differences in the energy programs of the parties of this country, we will see significant changes in the international energy markets. The Trump's ...
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The United States is the world's first producer and consumer of oil and play a special role in international oil market relations. In a sense, due to the differences in the energy programs of the parties of this country, we will see significant changes in the international energy markets. The Trump's economic thinking in business field is based on the neo-mercantilist while the Democrats believe in global and multilateral trade. The most important energy policies of the Republican Party are the development and expansion of fossil fuel production, increasing the share of the oil market, lifting environmental restrictions, confronting OPEC, and unilateralism in the oil and gas trade. In contrast, the Democrats' most important plans in the US election are to return to the Paris Agreement and re-impose environmental restrictions, reduce oil production through legal sanctions such as taxes, expand renewable energy and use financial resources to manage the oil market and trade convergence. The main question of this article is what effect do US parties energy programs have on the oil market? The method of this research is a qualitative in a descriptive-analytical manner using desk research.
Energy Management and Engineering
Mehran Rezvani; Samineh Soltanzadeh
Abstract
Internationalization of businesses is considered as a key factor in economic development and growth of the economic entities. On the other hand, the ability of the system in terms of endurance and reliability is inevitably dependent on the success that the system gains in communicating with the external ...
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Internationalization of businesses is considered as a key factor in economic development and growth of the economic entities. On the other hand, the ability of the system in terms of endurance and reliability is inevitably dependent on the success that the system gains in communicating with the external environment; in other words, the sustainability of the system entirely depends on the system capability in terms of adaptation and responsiveness to the environment. Furthermore, technology-based businesses are highly dynamic and use different internationalization patterns. A literature review shows that comprehensive studies have not been conducted despite the necessity of today’s businesses to move toward sustainable internationalization. Therefore, this research examines the existing patterns by presenting a model of sustainable internationalization in technology-based businesses. In the present study, six technology-based businesses in oil and gas industry have been investigated using a multi-case interview method. The validity and reliability of the data collection tools have been confirmed. The results of the interviews performed during the two coding stages revealed that economic, environmental, social, and technological factors are among the factors influencing the adoption of sustainable business internationalization strategies along with a focus on a sustainable business model. This study also presents different types of sustainable internationalization strategies and classifies the sustainability index of internationalization under two categories of profitability and sustainability of the relationships in the network.
